Epistaxis-causes

Systemic causes -

1. Drugs - Aspirin, warfarin, ibuprofen, clopidogrel, isotretinoin, desmopressin and others
2. Hypertension - There is relationship between hypertension and epistaxis . In adults epistaxis is more common in hypertensive patients, and patients are more likely to be acutely hypertensive during an episode of epistaxis. Hypertension, however, is rarely a direct cause of epistaxis, and therapy should be focused on controlling hemorrhage before blood pressure reduction.
3. Vascular abnormalities - like sclerosed vessels, A-V malformations, hereditary haemorrhagic telengeactasia
4. Bleeding tendencies - thrombocytopenia, liver disease, coagulopathies.
5. Alcohol (due to vasodilation)
6. Heart failure (due to an increase in venous pressure)
7. Hematological malignancy
8. Systemic infections such as AIDS,typhoid, pneumonia, malaria, dengue fever, measles etc.
9. Pregnancy
10. Menstruation (vecarious menstruation)