Epistaxis -investigations

In a case of epistaxis following investigations are needed -

1. Haematological investigations -

i) Hb, PCV - to see the amount of haemoglobin in blood and packed cell value helpful in acessing the general condition of the patient and to see need for any blood transfusion.

ii) Platelet count - to find any platelet deficiency state.

iii) PTI (prothrombin time index) - access the coagulatory mechanism.

iv) Total and differential leucocytic count - to see for any infection

v) Perepheral blood film - to see any immature cells and deficiency states.

vi) Bleeding and clotting time

2. Radiological investigations -

i) X-ray PNS water's view - to see any sinus pathology, fractures but does not give much information.

ii) CT scan and MRI - In cases of carcinoma and angiofibroma

3. Angiography - To see the vessel which is bleeding.